简介
JSON Web Token（缩写 JWT）是目前最流行的跨域认证解决方案。JSON Web Token 入门教程 - 阮一峰，这篇文章可以帮你了解JWT的概念。本文重点讲解Spring Boot 结合 jwt ，来实现前后端分离中，接口的安全调用。
快速上手
之前的文章已经对 Spring Security 进行了讲解，这一节对涉及到 Spring Security 的配置不详细讲解。若不了解 Spring Security 先移步到 Spring Boot Security 详解。
建表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
`permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(255) NULL,
`pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,'user','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e');
INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,'admin','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e');
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,'USER');
INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,'ADMIN');
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,'/user/hi','',0);
INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,'/admin/hi','',0);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2);
项目结构
resources
|___application.yml
java
|___com
| |____gf
| | |____SpringbootJwtApplication.java
| | |____config
| | | |____.DS_Store
| | | |____SecurityConfig.java
| | | |____MyFilterSecurityInterceptor.java
| | | |____MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService.java
| | | |____MyAccessDecisionManager.java
| | |____entity
| | | |____User.java
| | | |____RolePermisson.java
| | | |____Role.java
| | |____mapper
| | | |____PermissionMapper.java
| | | |____UserMapper.java
| | | |____RoleMapper.java
| | |____utils
| | | |____JwtTokenUtil.java
| | |____controller
| | | |____AuthController.java
| | |____filter
| | | |____JwtTokenFilter.java
| | |____service
| | | |____impl
| | | | |____AuthServiceImpl.java
| | | | |____UserDetailsServiceImpl.java
| | | |____AuthService.java
关键代码
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-security-jwt?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root
SecurityConfig
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
//校验用户
auth.userDetailsService( userDetailsService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() {
//对密码进行加密
@Override
public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) {
System.out.println(charSequence.toString());
return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
}
//对密码进行判断匹配
@Override
public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) {
String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes());
boolean res = s.equals( encode );
return res;
}
} );
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable()
//因为使用JWT，所以不需要HttpSession
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy( SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()
.authorizeRequests()
//OPTIONS请求全部放行
.antMatchers( HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
//登录接口放行
.antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll()
//其他接口全部接受验证
.anyRequest().authenticated();
//使用自定义的 Token过滤器 验证请求的Token是否合法
http.addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
http.headers().cacheControl();
}
@Bean
public JwtTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilterBean() throws Exception {
return new JwtTokenFilter();
}
@Bean
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
}
JwtTokenUtil
/**
* JWT 工具类
*/
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub";
/**
* 5天(毫秒)
*/
private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 432000000;
/**
* JWT密码
*/
private static final String SECRET = "secret";
/**
* 签发JWT
*/
public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(16);
claims.put( CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername() );
return Jwts.builder()
.setClaims( claims )
.setExpiration( new Date( Instant.now().toEpochMilli() + EXPIRATION_TIME ) )
.signWith( SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET )
.compact();
}
/**
* 验证JWT
*/
public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
User user = (User) userDetails;
String username = getUsernameFromToken( token );
return (username.equals( user.getUsername() ) && !isTokenExpired( token ));
}
/**
* 获取token是否过期
*/
public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken( token );
return expiration.before( new Date() );
}
/**
* 根据token获取username
*/
public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
String username = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getSubject();
return username;
}
/**
* 获取token的过期时间
*/
public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
Date expiration = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getExpiration();
return expiration;
}
/**
* 解析JWT
*/
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey( SECRET )
.parseClaimsJws( token )
.getBody();
return claims;
}
}
JwtTokenFilter
@Component
public class JwtTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
/**
* 存放Token的Header Key
*/
public static final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization";
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String token = request.getHeader( HEADER_STRING );
if (null != token) {
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(token, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(
request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
AuthServiceImpl
@Service
public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService {
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
@Override
public String login(String username, String password) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken( username, password );
Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername( username );
String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails);
return token;
}
}
关键代码就是这些，其他类代码参照后面提供的源码地址。
验证
登录，获取token
curl -X POST -d "username=admin&password=123456" http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/login
返回
eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ
不带token访问资源
curl -X POST -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi
返回，拒绝访问
{
"timestamp": "2019-03-31T08:50:55.894+0000",
"status": 403,
"error": "Forbidden",
"message": "Access Denied",
"path": "/auth/login"
}
携带token访问资源
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ" -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi
返回正确
hi zhangsan , you have 'admin' role
源码
https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning/tree/master/springboot-jwt